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politics

Andorra Remains Outside EU as France and Spain Maintain Co-Principality

Tuesday, July 14, 2026 · 3 sources

Andorra, a small country in the Pyrenees mountains, has been co-ruled by France and Spain for centuries. Despite its unique relationship with these two European Union member states, Andorra itself is not a member of the EU.

Andorra, with a population of around 72,000 people, is a tiny country nestled in the Pyrenees mountains between France and Spain. For over 700 years, it has been a co-principality, meaning it is jointly ruled by the two larger nations. The country's unique history and relationship with France and Spain have contributed to its distinct position in European affairs.

Despite being surrounded by EU member states and having close ties to France and Spain, Andorra has chosen not to pursue full membership in the European Union. The country has a special agreement with the EU, allowing it to participate in certain EU programs and maintain a close relationship with the bloc without being a full member.

The co-principality of Andorra is a rare example of a country being ruled jointly by two other nations. The arrangement has been in place since 1278, when the Bishop of Urgell and the Count of Foix agreed to share sovereignty over the region. Today, the Bishop of Urgell and the President of France serve as Andorra's co-princes.

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What is the history behind Andorra's co-principality?

Andorra has been a co-principality since 1278, when the Bishop of Urgell and the Count of Foix agreed to share sovereignty over the region. Today, the Bishop of Urgell and the President of France serve as Andorra's co-princes.

Why is Andorra not a member of the EU?

Andorra has chosen not to pursue full membership in the European Union, despite being surrounded by EU member states and having close ties to France and Spain. It has a special agreement with the EU, allowing it to participate in certain EU programs.

How does Andorra's relationship with France and Spain work?

Andorra is jointly ruled by France and Spain, with the President of France and the Bishop of Urgell serving as co-princes. This unique arrangement has been in place for centuries and allows Andorra to maintain a high degree of autonomy while still having close ties to its larger neighbors.

What are the benefits of Andorra's special agreement with the EU?

Andorra's special agreement with the EU allows it to participate in certain EU programs and maintain a close relationship with the bloc without being a full member. This arrangement provides Andorra with access to EU markets and programs while still allowing it to maintain its independence and unique cultural identity.

Is Andorra's co-principality arrangement unique in the world?

Yes, Andorra's co-principality arrangement is rare and unique in the world. It is one of the only examples of a country being ruled jointly by two other nations, and it has been in place for over 700 years.