Aortic Dissection Explained by American Heart Association

The aorta is the largest artery in the body, responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. It arises from the left ventricle of the heart and extends down to the abdominal region, where it divides into smaller arteries that supply blood to the lower body.

Common causes of an aortic dissection include high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, and genetic conditions such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Trauma, such as a car accident, can also cause an aortic dissection.

Symptoms of an aortic dissection can include severe chest or back pain, difficulty breathing, a rapid heart rate, and a drop in blood pressure. The pain is often described as tearing or ripping and can radiate to the arms, legs, or abdomen.

An aortic dissection is typically diagnosed using imaging tests such as a chest X-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. These tests can help identify the location and extent of the dissection.

Treatment for an aortic dissection usually involves surgery to repair the aorta. In some cases, medication may be used to control blood pressure and prevent further bleeding. In severe cases, emergency surgery may be necessary to prevent serious complications or death.